All Tech Is Human: Seattle is a smorgasbord of ethics, emerging tech, and unintended consequences. A diverse group of technologists, academics, designers, organizational leaders, students, policymakers, and other interested parties come together to tackle thorny societal tech issues. It is multidisciplinary and collaborative, shining a light on blind spots and injecting more thoughtfulness in how we create and implement new technologies.
Please join us for this ethical tech summit (#EthicalTechSummit) on Saturday, May 18th!
Around the world, an increasing number of organizations and independent voices are calling for a more thoughtful, transparent, and equitable tech future. Now how can we build cohesion among these interested parties? And how can we make sure the conversation remains open and inclusive?
All Tech Is Human: Seattle aims to convene a variety of groups and thought-leaders that are actively -- but often separately -- offering solutions around more ethical and equitable tech development. This will be a human-centered, action-oriented event of lightning talks, panels, strategy session, and intentional networking.
The event is from 9 am to 5 pm, and includes a light breakfast, lunch, and cocktails.
Speakers and participants (150 total) will include technologists, organizational leaders, policymakers, academics, advocates, students, designers, and other interested parties looking to tackle thorny tech/social issues (i.e. algorithmic bias, misinformation, diversity in tech, unintended consequences).
Attendees can expect to leave with a more nuanced understanding of the challenges facing us today, more awareness of the growing ethical tech ecosystem, and concrete opportunities to engage in collaborative efforts. This is not an event where you just sit back and watch a person on stage--we aim for active participation and engagement where a multidisciplinary melting challenges each other, considers best practices and methods of knowledge-sharing, and finds areas of collaboration.
PANEL TOPICS INCLUDE (highly interactive w/ Q & A)
-Designing for inclusion & accessibility
-The relationship between tech & gov't
-VR & AR through an ethical lens
-Mental wellbeing & technology
-Practical application of ethics from an industry perspective
-The rise of public interest technology
+ Six lightning (10-min each) talks!
-Get plugged into the thoughtful tech community. Join us!
Delaney Ruston, is a Stanford trained physician and the creator of Screenagers, who has spent twenty years making films for social change, including Unlisted: A Story of Schizophrenia, about her father, and Hidden Pictures about global mental health. She has received several awards for her films and associated advocacy campaigns, working with groups such as the World Health Organization.
As an international speaker on mental health topics and the science of screen time, she is asked to speak at places such as The United Nations, The Aspen Institute, Google and Facebook. She has been featured on Dr. Oz, Good Morning America, in Forbes Magazine, New York Times and many others.
A Fulbright Scholar, Dr Ruston has been a researcher and teacher at top medical schools and has spent over a decade providing primary care to the underserved and homeless, as she currently does in Seattle.
Screenagers, has brought together 3 million youth and adults in 60 countries thus far and the movement it has sparked to help youth thrive in our screen filled society, continues to grow each day.
Di Dang works at Google as a Design Advocate supporting emerging technologies like augmented reality and machine learning. Previously, she worked as a Senior UX Designer and led the Emerging Tech group at Seattle-based digital agency POP, advising clients on how VR/AR, web/mobile, conversational UI, and machine learning could benefit their end users.
With a degree in Philosophy and Religion, she considers herself an optimistic realist and is passionate about ethical and inclusive design. You can find her onstage doing improv or on Twitter at @dqpdang.
Ben Olsen leads Ethics and Emerging Technology Learning for Microsoft’s engineers, where he is crafting unique educational experiences and platforms to amplify Microsoft's responsible innovation capabilities. He also guides the learning strategy of the Aether Committee, Microsoft's ethics advisory board and think tank. While managing Microsoft's artificial intelligence, data science, and analytics professional programs, Ben delivered the first externally available online ethics education from Microsoft.
With over ten years of data and AI experience, he has built data systems for Juniper Networks, Costco, T-Mobile, and others, and he has also lectured at University of Washington, Seattle Pacific University, and Stanford. Through his workshops, writing, and podcasting, Ben seeks to bring our personal missions and collective inventions into alignment with a compassionate future.
Laura Norén is a data science ethicist, speaker, and researcher currently serving as the VP of Privacy and Trust at Obsidian Security in Newport Beach. Her work focuses on employee data rights, privacy-protective data-driven marketing practices, and the sociotechnics of data-driven organizational processes. She holds undergraduate degrees from MIT and a PhD from NYU where she recently held a Moore-Sloan Postdoc at the Center for Data Science.
Her work has been covered in The New York Times, Canada's Globe and Mail, American Public Media's Marketplace program and she has been published in numerous academic journals.
George co-founded Greater Good Studio with the belief that design can advance equity for all. Previously, he spent seven years at global innovation firm IDEO before being hired as the first human-centered designer at the Chicago Transit Authority. Since founding Greater Good, he has worked across complex social issues such as criminal justice, civic engagement, public education, public health and youth development.
Greater Good Studio was awarded the TED Prize City 2.0 (2012) and recognized in the Public Interest Design 100 list (2013). The studio’s work was featured in LEAP Dialogues: Career Pathways in Design for Social Innovation (published 2016) and Public Interest Design Practice Guidebook (published 2015). He is a frequent speaker and workshop facilitator. He presented on the topic of design and power at SXSW 2018 and the Service Design Global Conference 2017. George holds the position of Adjunct Full Professor at The School of the Art Institute of Chicago.
Fiona J McEvoy is a tech researcher and founder of YouTheData.com - a blog examining the ethical and social aspects of AI and emerging technology. Fiona was recently named one of the 30 Women Influencing AI in San Francisco by RE•WORK and one of the 100 Brilliant Women in AI Ethics You Should Follow in 2019 and beyond by Lighthouse3.
Outside of her blog, Fiona's thought leadership has been published in a number of media outlets including Slate, VentureBeat, All Turtles, Chatbots Life, and Becoming Human. She also regularly presents her ideas at conferences.
Fiona holds a graduate degree in Philosophy, with a special focus on ethics and technology. Her thesis paper, “Decisions, decisions: Big Data and the Future of Autonomy” has been published by the Annals of the University of Bucharest as part of their series on emerging technology. It was also chosen for presentation to the International Association of Computing and Philosophy at Stanford University. Prior to moving to the USA, Fiona spent nearly ten years working as a campaigner, PR and Public Affairs specialist in the UK, dealing with a range of agencies, think tanks, charities and trade associations. She holds two Bachelor’s degrees in English Literature & Drama and Classical Studies.
Reid was gripped by ethical problems the first semester of his first year in college over 20 years ago. Countless hours later, after reading, arguing, and teaching about ethics, he’s still hungry for more. While his early research concerned issues largely contained within the ivory tower, his research has become increasingly action-orientated, particularly as it concerns the ethics of institutions like governments and corporations, and also the ethics of emerging technologies. He has taught at Northwestern University, the University of Texas in Austin, the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, and Colgate University. He currently sits on the committee for “Methods to Guide Ethical Research and Design” for the IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems and is a member of the European Union Artificial Intelligence Alliance. When he isn’t doing ethics you can find him with his wife and children, unless there’s rock climbing to be done.
Dr. Alexandra Lee is an author, UX Consultant and former Creative Director of the Civic Design Lab in the Office of Resilience, Oakland, California, the first civic service design lab in the United States West Coast. The Civic Design Lab builds the creative capacity of today’s public servants and businesses by applying design thinking, racial equity lens, and systems thinking to solve civic resiliency challenges in urban environments for and with elected leaders, businesses, and communities alike. Dr. Lee is an author of “Resilience by Design” (Springer: 2016) and has a background in humanitarian architecture working with mission-driven organizations to create delightful products and services.
Yoav Schlesinger is the Chief of Staff for the Tech and Society Solutions Lab at Omidyar Network, where he is focused on building long-term resiliency and maximizing the tech sector’s contributions to society.
Before joining Omidyar Network, he served as the founding executive director of The Kitchen, a groundbreaking religious community in San Francisco from which he also launched Hello Mazel, a first-of-its-kind quarterly subscription box of Jewish goods and guides. Under his organizational leadership, The Kitchen became a nationally-recognized leader in millennial and Generation X engagement in Judaism and social justice. Prior to that, Yoav was the executive director of Reboot, a national network of cultural creatives aimed at reinventing ritual and community.
Prior to becoming an Executive Director, Yoav had extensive experience in nonprofit strategy, fundraising, and development, holding roles such as founding partner and senior consultant with BuildingBlox Consulting, associate director of development at Stanford Law School, and development officer at the Jewish Community Center of San Francisco.
Yoav received his B.A. from Stanford University, where he graduated with a major in Religious Studies, a minor in Political Science and honors in International Security Studies.
Sheryl Cababa is an Executive Creative Director at Artefact and has 20 years of experience in product design and consultancy. With one foot planted in design research and strategy, and another in interaction design, Sheryl has the unique ability to see both the forest as well as the trees. She has also helped other designers spark their creativity by leading workshops in sketching, interaction design, and design research methods. She has delivered presentations and workshops at conferences including IxDA, Better World by Design, SFU Touchpoint and Quantified Self.
As the Director of Engagement & Training at Coworker.org, Yana Calou (they/them) provides workers across the tech industry with the support, skills, and infrastructure needed to build meaningful voice in their workplaces.
Yana has directed programming for CLAGS Center for LGBTQ Studies at the City University of New York, served as advisor for the Queer Survival Economies Initiative at the Barnard Center for Research on Women, and directed communications for the Retail Action Project (RWDSU), GLAAD, and the Women's Media Center.
As the Principal UX Designer at HTC Vive in Seattle, Daniel C. Robbins has crafted a set of positive interventions to curb toxic behavior in Social VR and is guiding the UX strategy for future AR efforts. Prior to HTC, Dan was a founding member of Seattle mobile VR startup Visual Vocal, was the first Strategy Director at award winning design agency Artefact, and capped a long tenure at Microsoft Research by helping bring the Microsoft Envisioning Center to life. His holistic designs are informed by universal human needs, societal trends, and a desire to bring more irreverence, joy, magic, and beauty into the world. Daniel is an avid informal mentor to people, primarily from underrepresented groups, in the design field. He has a very large collection of sculpture supplies in his cold basement and till very recently, was the proud owner of two broken down artcars.
Bowen is the Communications Coordinator at @VicPDCanada - the most followed per capita police department in Canada. He is also an ethicist, technologist and educator who is passionate about justice, social good and human flourishing. Bowen has lectured in 8 different disciplines in three universities and a college in Canada, have spoken, organized and/or presented at Open Gov West, Open Data Days, have used artificial intelligence to help create a new provincial holiday. He recently received three commendations for my work combining Floridi-styled approaches to digital ethics with digital engagement in policing and helped identify missing persons and suspects in decades-spanning serial sexual offender investigations. Bowen is also an upright bass player and will gladly do a tech jazz jam with other players.
Julie Pham, PhD is Vice President of Community Engagement and Marketing at Washington Technology Industry Association (WTIA), which helps tech companies solve problems together they cannot solve on their own. She leads the WTIA Ion Program, a cross-sector collaboration incubator that brings together tech, government and nonprofits to tackle community challenges. For more info, see washingtontechnology.org/ion
Julie serves as co-chair of the Community Involvement Commission (City of Seattle). She is a Social Venture Partner, a member of the 2018 Harvard Business School's Young American Leaders Program, a 2015 German Marshall Memorial Fellow, and a 2011 Puget Sound Business Journal ’40 under 40’ honoree. She earned her PhD in history at Cambridge University as a Gates Cambridge Scholar and graduated magna cum laude from UC Berkeley, where she studied history.
David Ryan Polgar is a pioneering tech ethicist who paved the way for the hotly-debated issues around Facebook, AI ethics, unintended consequences, digital wellbeing, and what it means to be human in the digital age. He has appeared on CBS This Morning, BBC World News, Fast Company, SiriusXM, Associated Press, Washington Post's "Can He Do That?" podcast, and many others.
With a background as an attorney and educator, he is an advocate for co-creating a more thoughtful future towards technology. David is the co-host of the podcast & NYC live show Funny as Tech. He is a frequent writer and global speaker (Harvard Business School, Princeton University, The Next Web). He is an advisor for Hack Mental Health, the Technology and Adolescent Mental Wellness (TAM) program, and #ICANHELP, and is committed to bringing together organizations, advocates, students, academia, government, and industry to better collaborate on the major societal issues emerging tech has presented. He is community-focused and excited by uniting diverse backgrounds to find solutions with difficult tech issues.
Dr. Carr-Jordan is a passionate social impact executive driven to accelerate progress and improve outcomes using the SDGs as a guidepost. Throughout her career her activities have lived at the intersection of tech and innovation, academia, health and wellness, advocacy, and impact. In addition to her experience as a CEO and hungry entrepreneur, Erin has spent over a decade in higher education where her roles have included professor, department chair, and associate dean. In her role as Head of Social Impact for EdPlus at Arizona State University, Dr Carr-Jordan leads strategic initiatives and builds partnerships to solve wicked problems. In addition to board and committee service in the university setting, Erin was appointed by the Arizona Governor to serve on the ICC Board for Infant and Toddler Development, sat on the American Association of Community Colleges Council (AACC), is an advisory board member of SeaTrust Institute, is a member of UN Women, and is an executive representative to the UN Global Compact. Erin's legislative and consulting experience includes coauthoring regulation in AZ, consulting for local and state legislators across the country, and advocacy work around environmental safety, public health, and human development. Erin has been an invited guest on CNN, MSNBC, ABC, Sanjay Gupta MD, and Anderson Cooper. She has also been featured in the New York Times, the Chicago Tribune, the LA Times, the Arizona Republic and in Parenting Magazine.
Heather is Co-Founder & Managing Partner at Flying Fish Partners, a venture firm investing in artificial intelligence, machine learning and robotics companies. She serves on the boards of Beneficial State Bank (Lead Independent Director and member Audit & Technology Committees), Yesler, Inc., Coldstream Holdings Inc., Greater Seattle Metropolitan Chamber (immediate past Chair), Washington Technology Industry Association (Chair), Technology Alliance, Forterra and as a Regent of the Washington State University. She serves on the executive committee of the Global EIR Coalition, the governing advisory board of the Hawthorn Club, the Connector Board of NCWIT, the advisory board of iInovate and as a mentor at Techstars. Heather is also very active in local and national policy. Prior to her current roles, Heather was Executive and Senior Vice President at each of Indix, Summit Power, Atom Entertainment, Getty Images and PhotoDisc and General Counsel of Getty Images, a publicly traded company. Heather’s law degree is from Stanford and her BA is from Reed.
Rob is one of the founders of Artefact. His career started at Apple after winning the 1991 and 1992, Apple Student Interface Design Competition for concepts around mobile and personal computing. Rob then spent ten years at Microsoft, obtaining several patents and making significant innovative contributions to Microsoft Office, and Microsoft Games eventually becoming Design Manager for the user interface, brand, and user experience of Windows XP.
Since leaving Microsoft in 2002, Rob has worked as a Senior Interaction Designer for IDEO whose clients included Motorola, Google, Microsoft’s Windows Media Center, Windows Mobile, and MSN. Prior to co-founding Artefact, Rob worked for Sony Computer Entertainment of America as the Lead Game Designer for the MAG (A PS3 action game).
Anna Zivarts, is the Director of Rooted in Rights, a program of Disability Rights Washington. Anna was born with nystagmus – a genetic condition that means her eyes are always shaking. This reduces her visual acuity – she’s not legally blind but can’t drive, recognize faces across the room, or read most signage. She began her career as a union organizer and communication strategist for political campaigns, before joining the LGBT & HIV/AIDS Project at the American Civil Liberties Union as a storyfinder and videographer. In 2010, she co-founded Time of Day Media, a digital strategy firm that collaborates exclusively with social justice clients to tell stories that create change. At Time of Day, Anna produced digital video content featuring the stories about the criminal justice system for the Innocence Project, unions standing up for the 99% during Occupy Wall Street and fast food and airport workers in the Fight for 15. She also traveled to the border to find stories that could support the fight for comprehensive immigration reform in 2013, and to Kansas and Wisconsin to find voters disenfranchised by voter ID and other laws restricting voting rights.
Jyoti Patel, is Principal and Owner of Spille LLC, an organization design firm that offers creative workshops in culture and strategy. She helps leaders and teams cultivate the courage to have conversations that matter. Her workshops explore how culture, mindsets and biases impact the development of technologies and enable leaders and teams to unlock the power of their imaginations through play.
Jyoti spent over a decade testing airplanes with Boeing as a flight test engineer and manager. After getting her Master’s in Organizational Design from Seattle University she became an empowered and vocal leader of change, designing and implementing employee development programs and promoting intrapreneurship. She is passionate about social and gender equity in the technology space and infusing playfulness, candor and creativity into team culture using design thinking and systems thinking principles, oh, and um Legos!
In her free time you can catch her behind a set of turntables, cooking world cuisines or roaming around Seattle with her daughters and husband. Find her on Twitter and LinkedIn @jyotibfly.
Technology is changing who, how, and when people can design solutions to pressing societal challenges. Liz works at the intersection of design, computer science, and organizational behavior to understand and design the future of work. Liz is the Charles Deering McCormick Professor of Teaching Excellence, Director of the Design Research Cluster at Northwestern University and Faculty Founder of Design for America. Liz co-directs the Delta Lab whose mission is to create technology-based systems to enhance learning, collaboration, and performance. Gerber has received awards for her work from the National Science Foundation, Joyce, MacArthur and Mozilla Foundations, Smithsonian, Microsoft, and Adobe. Her work has been featured in such venues as the Wall Street Journal, NPR, ABC, Harvard Business Review, Forbes, and Fast Company.Prior to joining Northwestern, Liz helped to launch the Business and Design initiative at Stanford’s “d.school” and worked across the toy, transportation, and medical industries. Liz earned her Ph.D. in Management Science and Engineering and M.S. in Product Design at Stanford University.
Shankar Narayan is Technology and Liberty Project Director at the ACLU of Washington. He advocates, organizes, and litigates to protect civil liberties in a world transformed by technology. Shankar works to bring values of fairness, transparency, and accountability to surveillance and artificial intelligence technologies, and to lift the voices of impacted communities, including people of color, immigrants, religious and gender minorities, and others. Shankar has helped introduce and pass landmark technology laws and campaigned for vendors to build tech in ethical and community-centric ways. For this work, Shankar received the 2018 Roberto Maestas Legacy Award from El Centro de la Raza. He also teaches technology and ethics at Seattle University School of Law. Shankar was previously Policy Director at OneAmerica, and a technology lawyer at K&L Gates. A poet, he is a four-time Pushcart Prize nominee and a recipient of awards and fellowships from Kundiman, Hugo House, Flyway, Paper Nautilus, Jack Straw, and 4Culture. Shankar is a graduate of Bates College, Yale Law School, and Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government.
Timothy Bardlavens is a Product Design Leader at Zillow Group, a Cultural Strategist and Diversity, Equity & Inclusion (DEI) consultant. At Zillow, he leads the product vision and team for Zillow Offers consumer selling experiences.
As a consultant, he specializes in Organizational Culture through the lens of Human-Centered Design, helping business leaders create people-centric strategies to increase diversity, retention, innovation and revenue. Timothy also is an international speaker and facilitator.
Amanda Casari is continuously fascinated by the intersection between humans and technology. She has worked in a breadth of cross-functional roles and engineering disciplines, including data science, machine learning, complex systems, and robotics. She experiments with projects and programs to make AI and machine learning more accessible, most recently co-authoring the O'Reilly book, "Feature Engineering for Machine Learning Principles and Techniques for Data Scientists.”
Amanda focuses on growing and supporting developer communities with empathy as part of the Developer Relations team at Google Cloud.
Trond is a researcher, software engineer, and designer who has worked in the intersection of AR / VR, games, education, and healthcare since 2003. He holds Masters degrees in Computer Science and Industrial Engineering from the Universities of Canterbury and Washington, and a PhD from the University of Washington where he studied with Tom Furness, the "Grandfather of VR". By day, he is Director of Development at Virtual Therapeutics, a startup working to use VR, sensors, and data science to address chronic stress, anxiety and pain. With his spare time, Trond works on numerous side projects, including service on the board of the Virtual Worlds Society, as founder of the Seattle Immersive Technology Association, and founder of the Seattle MegaGames Collective.
Renee Farris leads social impact programs and partnerships at the Silicon Valley Community Foundation, one of the largest philanthropic institutions in the U.S. In her role as a corporate social responsibility manager, she oversees strategic social good initiatives for tech companies including Cisco, Slack, and Hewlett-Packard Enterprise and her work revolves around the intersection of tech for good, STEM education, and diversity, equity, and inclusion. Her current projects include managing operations for Cisco’s education platform and an initiative to empower women in tech in partnership with Melinda Gates’ executive office.
Renee’s focus is increasingly drawn to the ethical and responsible use of emerging technologies and she is fueled by a passion to bring diversity, fairness, and social good to the development of technology. Previously, Renee served under the Obama Administration working in diversity and inclusion and as a strategic partnerships manager for a school in Kenya. She holds an MBA from Florida International University, regularly speaks at conferences, and has led workshops for the U.S. Consulate and Google. Renee has traveled to 23 countries and her favorite outdoor adventures include cycling, canyoneering, and scuba diving.
Daniel is a humanist, researcher and strategist exploring new ways to blend business with humanities. As Capital One Bank's R&D Strategy lead, Daniel works at the intersection of product development and design strategy to develop solutions that reimagine people's relationship with money. He also leads Capital One's Mindfulness program; a platform dedicated the proliferation of mindful practices across the company.
As a frequent guest lecturer and speaker, Daniel enjoys sharing perspectives on human-centered problem solving with forums such as Harvard, U.Penn, and Cornell. He holds degrees in business and design, and an MBA in Design Strategy from The California College of The Arts.
In 2018, Daniel founded The New Boheme, a collective of generalists, dot-connectors and free thinkers interested in discussing and exploring the human condition. The community hosts monthly events to revel in diversity, find inspiration and create lasting connections.
Megan Oser, PhD is a clinical psychologist who specializes in behavioral medicine and acceptance-based cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT). She has expertise in integrated behavioral health care models, and the development and implementation of psychological interventions within primary and specialty medical care. With her patients’ well-being in mind, Megan is pursuing the translation of these evidence-based interventions into digital behavioral health programs to increase their access to care. As VP of Clinical Innovation at Mahana Therapeutics, Inc., a digital therapeutics company, Megan leads clinical product strategy which includes internal research and development and external evidence generation. She is passionate about developing, implementing, and sustaining the adoption of technology-delivered mental health care. Prior to this, Megan was an attending psychologist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. In her previous role as Associate Chief of Psychology and Director of the CBT and Behavioral Medicine program, she provided CBT training to dozens of trainees and clinical professionals, served as a clinician, and conducted research.
Steve is the Director of Public Affairs for Tableau Software, a company that is helping businesses, governments, and non-profits around the world see and understand their data. His work includes communications strategy for Tableau Foundation as well as the company’s sustainability, diversity & inclusion, and government relations programs. He also represents Tableau on the board of sea.citi and the Technical Advisory Group of the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Data. Prior to joining Tableau, Steve was a co-founder and board member of Upaya Social Ventures, a nonprofit that helps build businesses that create jobs in India’s poorest communities. Steve holds an M.A. in International Relations and International Communications from Boston University, and a B.A. in History from the University of Western Ontario.
Amie Thao serves as Civic Designer for the City of Seattle. Her current role is with Innovation & Performance, a team that uses design-based innovation and data analytics to tackle civic challenges and advance mayoral priorities. During her time at the City, she has worked across multiple social issues including racial equity, affordability, and youth economic opportunity. She is also principal at Design Collaboratory, a design studio and consultancy based in Seattle. She has spent the last decade helping start-ups, public sector and non-profit clients use human-centered design to fulfill their missions and to create a more kind and equitable world. Amie holds a BFA from ArtCenter College of Design. Previously, she spent 3.5 years cycling through 40 countries and listening to people’s stories.
As a design director at Artefact, Holger Kuehnle leads project teams through complex design challenges, helping them envision strategies and design solutions that empower people. He strives to shape technology so that it allows humans to accomplish what they have not been able to do before. Prior to Artefact, Holger worked at Microsoft, where as the manager of the Windows Core UX design team he oversaw Windows design elements millions of people use every day.
Artefact is an award-winning digital experience innovation company. We use human-centered design to solve complex problems and create timeless experiences that help our partners have a positive impact on their customers, businesses and society.
Headquartered in Seattle, Artefact has a team of more than 60 designers, technologists and developers who share a passion for innovation and excellence.
All Tech Is Human is an initiative to help co-create a more thoughtful future towards technology. It brings together organizations, advocates, academics, designers, industry, students, and other interested parties to help tackle the thorny tech issues we are facing as a society--and that depends on collaboration and diversity of thought.